High pressure treatment of silicon nitride film

ABSTRACT

Methods and systems relating to processes for treating a silicon nitride film on a workpiece including supporting the workpiece in a chamber, introducing an amine gas into the chamber and establishing a pressure of at least 5 atmospheres, and exposing the silicon nitride film on the workpiece to the amine gas while the pressure in the chamber is at least 5 atmospheres.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention concerns high pressure treatment of a silicon nitride layer on a workpiece such as a semiconductor wafer.

BACKGROUND

Micro-electronic circuits and other micro-scale devices are generally manufactured by the sequential deposition and patterning of multiple layers on a substrate or wafer, such as a silicon or other semiconductor material wafer. For some applications, an insulating film, e.g., silicon nitride, is deposited on the substrate to form an etch-stop layer, a masking layer, or a gate spacer layer.

For some layers, to achieve desired material properties, the substrate is typically put through an annealing process in which the substrate is quickly heated, usually to about 200-500° C. and more typically to about 300-400° C. The substrate may be held at these temperatures for a relatively short time, e.g., 60-300 seconds. The substrate is then rapidly cooled, with the entire process usually taking only a few minutes. Annealing may be used to change the material properties of the layers on the substrate. Annealing may also be used to activate dopants, drive dopants between films on the substrate, change film-to-film or film-to-substrate interfaces, densify deposited films, or to repair damage from ion implantation.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, treating a dielectric film that includes silicon-nitride bonds on a workpiece includes supporting the workpiece that has the dielectric film that includes silicon-nitride bonds in a chamber, introducing an amine gas into the chamber, establishing a pressure of at least 5 atmospheres in the chamber, and exposing the dielectric film that includes silicon-nitride to the anime gas while the pressure in the chamber is at least 5 atmospheres.

Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding systems, apparatus, and computer programs, configured to perform the actions of the methods, encoded on computer storage devices.

These and other embodiments can each optionally include one or more of the following features.

A temperature of the dielectric film may be raised to between 200-500° C. The temperature of the silicon nitride film may be raised by maintaining a support for the workpiece in the chamber at an elevated temperature. The temperature of the dielectric film may be raised before establishing the pressure in the chamber of at least 5 atmospheres.

Establishing the pressure in the chamber may include introducing the amine gas in the chamber. In some implementations, the amine gas includes ammonia gas. The amine gas may include methylamine gas and/or dimethylamine gas. In some implementations, the dielectric film is exposed to the amine gas for at least 5 minutes and no more than an hour.

The dielectric film may be a portion of a fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) in fabrication.

In another aspect, a method of forming a dielectric material on a workpiece includes depositing a dielectric film that includes silicon-nitride bonds on the workpiece by flowable chemical vapor deposition (FCVD), and exposing the dielectric film that includes silicon-nitride bonds to an amine gas in a chamber while a pressure in the chamber is at least 5 atmospheres. In some implementations, the deposition of the dielectric film on the workpiece is at a temperature below 380° C.

In another aspect, an annealing system includes a chamber body that defines a chamber, a support to hold a workpiece with an outer surface of the workpiece exposed to an environment in the chamber, a robot to insert the workpiece into the chamber, a gas supply to provide an amine gas to the chamber, a pressure source coupled to the chamber to raise a pressure in the chamber to at least 5 atmospheres, and a controller coupled to the robot, the gas supply and the pressure source. The controller is configured to cause the robot to transport the workpiece having a dielectric film on it into the chamber, cause the gas supply to supply the amine gas to the chamber, and cause the pressure source to raise a pressure in the chamber to at least 5 atmospheres while the workpiece is held on the support in the chamber.

The annealing system may include a heater to raise a temperature of the workpiece on the support to between 250-500° C. The heater may include a resistive heater embedded in the support, and/or the heater may be a radiative heater in a wall of the chamber body that is positioned to irradiate the workpiece on the support. The pressure source may include a pump.

Particular embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented so as to realize one or more of the following advantages. Post-deposition annealing of a silicon nitride film can improve film quality, e.g., by strengthening the Si—N—Si network and reducing impurities (e.g., oxygen and carbon) in the silicon nitride film. The use of high pressure amine gas allows for lower temperature to be used during the anneal process by improving the diffusion of the gas into the silicon nitride layer, maintaining a relatively low thermal budget for the post-processing of the workpiece and preserving overall layer structure quality. Moreover, a relatively low thermal budget reduces temperature-related effects on other pre-existing features on the workpiece (e.g., reduced dopant diffusion). Additionally, lower temperatures may be used for depositing the silicon nitride film, thereby reducing intermixing of the silicon nitride layer with adjacent layers (e.g., tungsten film). The use of high pressure gas may also have a physical impact in certain applications, e.g., FCVD silicon nitride gap fill applications, such that the high pressure may affect the reflow of the silicon nitride film to achieve improved void-free gap fill in the silicon nitride film.

The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a high-pressure substrate processing system.

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an example process flow for annealing a silicon nitride film by high pressure treatment in a high-pressure substrate processing system.

FIG. 3 depicts an example high-pressure substrate processing system.

FIG. 4 depicts another example of a high-pressure substrate processing system.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In general, it is desirable to improve film quality of layers deposited on a workpiece, e.g., a deposited silicon nitride film on a semiconductor wafer. For example, a silicon nitride film deposited on a semiconductor wafer can be used in a patterning process for fabrication of a fin field-effect transistor (FinFET). Poor film quality may arise in a variety of manners; without being limited to any particular theory, poor film quality can result from impurities during the deposition process. For example, using particular deposition chemistries to deposit the silicon nitride film may result in defects in the silicon nitride film due to Si—H and N—H bonding. In some implementations, defects arise in the silicon nitride film due to Si—C and C—N bonds. Additionally, after the silicon nitride film is exposed to air, some defects may be converted to Si—O bonds. Physical pinholes and/or voids may also be present in deposited silicon nitride films, causing poor film quality.

Poor film quality in silicon nitride film may also result from incomplete formation of a Si—N—Si network during the deposition process of the silicon nitride layer. For example, the high temperatures used to deposit the silicon nitride film results in intermixing of the silicon nitride film with surrounding layers (e.g., tungsten). To mitigate intermixing of the silicon nitride film and adjacent layers (e.g., tungsten), lower deposition temperatures are used for depositing the silicon nitride film, which results in lower film quality.

Described below are systems and methods for high pressure treatment to improve silicon nitride film quality using a high pressure anneal. A silicon nitride film deposited on a workpiece is exposed to high pressure (e.g., at least 5 atmospheres) of amine gas (e.g., ammonia gas) while held at elevated temperatures (e.g., 200-500° C.) for a few minutes to an hour. Again without being limited to any particular theory, the high pressure treatment described herein can be effective in reducing dangling Si and N bonds as well as reducing contamination (e.g., Si—C bonds) resulting from the deposition process in the silicon nitride layer. The high pressure treatment can also be effective in converting Si—H bonds and Si—O bonds to Si—N bonds, and furthermore may be effective in breaking N—H bonds as well. This can reduce detrimental effects such as uneven etch rates and/or high etch rates of the silicon nitride layer and decreased leakage in silicon nitride gate spacers in FinFET devices.

System

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a high-pressure substrate processing system 100. The high-pressure substrate processing system 100 includes a high pressure chamber 102. The high pressure chamber 102 is configured to contain pressures of at least 5 atmospheres, e.g., at least 10 atmospheres, and can be capable of holding vacuum levels of up to 10̂-3 torr when under vacuum. In some implementations, the high-pressure substrate processing system 100 includes a low-pressure environment 104, e.g., a vacuum chamber, for when a workpiece is being transferred between processing chambers (e.g., from another processing chamber into the high pressure chamber 102). The relative pressures within the high pressure chamber 102 and the low pressure chamber 104 can be controlled independently of each other.

A robot (not depicted in FIG. 1) including a robotic arm can be used to transfer the workpiece into and out of the high pressure chamber 102, e.g., between the chambers of a multi-chamber substrate processing tool.

The high pressure chamber 102 includes a support, for example, pedestal 106 for supporting a workpiece in the high pressure chamber 102. The pedestal 106 supports one or more workpieces using a variety of support mechanisms, for example, the pedestal 106 may support the workpiece with locking pins and springs, and/or the workpiece may rest directly on top of the pedestal 106.

In some implementations, the high pressure chamber 102 includes one or more heating elements 108. For example, heating element 108 a is a resistive heater and is integrated into the pedestal 106 for heating the workpiece. In some implementations, the high pressure chamber 102 includes a heating element 108 b, where the heating element 108 b can heat and maintain a selected temperature within the high pressure chamber 102. Heating element 108 b may be a radiative heater embedded in a wall of the high pressure chamber body, and positioned to irradiate the workpiece on the pedestal 106. The heat from the heating elements 108 can be sufficient to anneal the workpiece when the workpiece is supported on the pedestal 106 and a gas (if used) has been introduced into the high pressure chamber 102. The heating elements 108 may be resistive heating elements, and may heat the workpiece conductively and/or radiatively. Additionally, the heating elements 108 may include a discrete heating coil, or a radiative heater (e.g., an infrared lamp).

A gas delivery system 110 is operable to pressurize and depressurize the high pressure chamber 102. The gas delivery system 110 provides a gas mixture to the high pressure chamber 102 to establish a high pressure, e.g., a pressure of at least 5 atmospheres. In some implementations, the gas delivery system 110 includes an exhaust system 112 to exhaust the gas from the high pressure chamber 102 thereby depressurizing the high pressure chamber 102. The gas delivery system includes a pressure source to raise the pressure in the chamber 102 to the high pressure. The pressure source can include a pump, e.g., a rotary pump, a scroll pump, or a screw pump, configured to pump gas into the chamber 102 until the desired pressure is reached, and/or a compressed gas cylinder at a pressure sufficient that, after the gas cylinder is fluidically connected to the chamber 102, the equalized pressure will reach the desired pressure.

A pumping system 114 includes one or more pumps for reducing pressures in the high pressure chamber 102 and/or the vacuum chamber 104. Pumps may include one or more rotary pumps, scroll pumps, and screw pumps. For example, the pumping system 114 can be used to lower the pressure in the vacuum chamber 104 to be at vacuum or near-vacuum pressure, e.g., less than 1 milliTorr. In another example, the pumping system 114 may be used during a pump and purge cycle in the high pressure chamber 102 to reduce presence of contaminants in the high pressure chamber 102 prior to process operation.

In some implementations, a valve assembly 116 isolates the relative pressures between the high pressure chamber 102 and the vacuum chamber 104. The high-pressure environment within the high pressure chamber 102 can thus be separated and sealed from the low pressure environment within the vacuum chamber 104. The valve assembly 116 is operable to enable the workpiece to be transferred directly between the high pressure chamber 102 and the vacuum chamber 104.

In some implementations, the high-pressure substrate processing system 100 includes a foreline 118 connected to the vacuum chamber 104 and connected to an outside environment. An isolation valve 120 is arranged along the foreline 118 to isolate the pressure within the vacuum chamber 104 from the pressure of the outside environment. The isolation valve 120 can be operated to adjust the pressure within the vacuum chamber 104 and to releases gases within the vacuum chamber 104. The isolation valve 120 can be operated in conjunction with the pumping system 114 to regulate the pressure within the vacuum chamber 104.

One or more operations of the high-pressure substrate processing system 100 may be controlled by one or more controllers 122. The controller 122, e.g., a general purpose programmable computer, is connected to and operable to control some or all of the various components of the high-pressure substrate processing system 100. Operations controlled by controller 122 may include, for example, temperature regulation of the heating elements 108 within the high pressure chamber 102, pressure regulation within the high pressure chamber 102, vacuum regulation within the vacuum chamber 104, flow rates and gas delivery by the gas delivery system 110, and operation of one or more pumps in the pumping system 114. For example, the controller 122 can be programmed to generate control signals that cause the components of the high-pressure substrate processing system 100 to carry out the process described below with reference to FIG. 2.

High-Pressure Treatment of a Silicon Nitride Film

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an example process flow 200 for high-pressure annealing of a silicon nitride film on a workpiece in a high-pressure substrate processing system 100. In one example, a workpiece includes a semiconductor substrate (e.g., silicon), with a silicon nitride film deposited on the substrate. In some implementations, the silicon nitride film forms part of a fin field effect transistor (FinFET) structure fabricated on the substrate; the workpiece may also include layers of other materials (e.g., TiN, tungsten). The silicon nitride film may be deposited on the workpiece using flowable chemical vapor deposition (FCVD) in a separate processing step. In some implementations, plasma-etched chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), and/or atomic layer deposition (ALD) may be utilized to deposit the silicon nitride film.

The workpiece is inserted into the chamber, e.g., by the robot, and then supported in the chamber, e.g., on a pedestal 106 within the high pressure chamber 102 (202). In some implementations, the high pressure chamber 102 and/or the pedestal 106 are maintained at a particular temperature (e.g., 200-500° C.) using one or more heating elements 108. The temperature of the high pressure chamber 102 and/or the pedestal 106 may be established prior to introducing the workpiece into the high pressure chamber 102. Furthermore, the temperature of the workpiece (e.g., a silicon nitride film on a substrate) may be established at a particular temperature (e.g., 200-600° C.) through the use of one or more heating elements 108 while the workpiece is supported by the pedestal 106 in the high pressure chamber 102. In some implementations, the temperature of the workpiece (e.g., the silicon nitride film on the substrate) is raised prior to establishing the pressure in the high pressure chamber 102 of at least 5 atmospheres.

An amine gas is introduced into the high pressure chamber 102 (204). The amine gas can be ammonia gas or another small and reactive amine gas (e.g., methylamine gas or dimethylamine gas). In some implementations, multiple different amine gases (e.g., ammonia gas and methylamine gas) may be mixed into a gas mixture before being delivered into the high pressure chamber 102 by the gas delivery system 110, or the multiple different amine gases (e.g., ammonia gas and methylamine gas) can be delivered into the high pressure chamber 102 by separate nozzles of the gas delivery system 110, and mixed in the high pressure chamber 102. In some implementations, the amine gas may be mixed with an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen, argon, or helium) prior to being delivered into the high pressure chamber 102 by the gas delivery system 110, for example, to reduce flammability of the gas mixture.

The gas delivery system 110 can establish a total pressure of 5 to 50 atmospheres in the high pressure chamber 102 (206). In some implementations, the total pressure in the high pressure chamber is at least 10 atmospheres. The total pressure of amine gas in the high pressure chamber 102 may be established as a static pressure in the chamber, or may be established through a flow of amine gas in and out of the chamber during the annealing process. The total pressure of 5 to 50 atmospheres can be provided by the amine gas. For example, the gas introduced into the high pressure chamber can consist of amine gas, i.e., only amine gas is introduced into the high pressure chamber.

After the desired pressured is established in the high pressure chamber 102, the silicon nitride film on the workpiece is exposed to the amine gas while the high pressure chamber 102 is maintained at the elevated pressure (208). Exposure times include a few minutes to several hours (e.g., at least 5 minutes, and no more than one hour). In some implementations, the annealing temperature (e.g., temperature of the workpiece during the anneal process), the amine gas pressure in the high pressure chamber 102, and exposure times for the high-pressure annealing process, may be interrelated such that optimal operational parameters may be found by adjusting the aforementioned (and other) variables.

Without being limited to any particular theory, the high pressure amine gas treatment can be effective in converting Si—H bonds and Si—O bonds to Si—N bonds, and furthermore may be effective in breaking N—H bonds which will enable the formation of Si—N bonds in the silicon nitride film.

In some implementations, the amine gas is introduced into the high pressure chamber 102 by the gas delivery system prior to or during the heating process of the workpiece. For example, a high pressure of amine gas (e.g., ammonia gas) may be introduced into the high pressure chamber 102 while heating elements 108 are bringing a workpiece on a pedestal 106 to a particular desired temperature.

In some implementations, the workpiece may be heated to a particular temperature while it is in the vacuum chamber 104 and then subsequently transferred to the high pressure chamber 102 by a robot (not depicted), where the amine gas (e.g., ammonia gas) may be introduced.

In some implementations, a silicon nitride film is deposited on a workpiece, which may then undergo the high pressure treatment described herein. For example, a silicon nitride film can be deposited on the workpiece by flowable chemical vapor deposition (FCVD) using a gas composition of, e.g., trisilylamine/silane/ammonia. Due to a lower (e.g., below 380° C.) deposition temperature for the silicon nitride film, lower film quality may result. The silicon nitride film may then be exposed to an amine gas in a high pressure chamber 102 while a pressure in the high pressure chamber 102 is at least 5 atmospheres. In some implementations, the silicon nitride film is used as an etch hard-mask, such that a process to etch trenches in the silicon nitride layer may be performed on the silicon nitride layer (e.g., using a plasma gas composition such as a SF6/CH4/N2/O2 plasma) before and/or after the high pressure treatment of the silicon nitride layer on the workpiece.

Embodiments of High-Pressure Substrate Processing Systems

FIGS. 3 and 4 depict two embodiments of high-pressure substrate processing systems. FIG. 3 depicts an example high-pressure substrate processing system 300 including a first chamber 302 (e.g., a high pressure chamber 102), a pedestal 304, a second chamber 306 (e.g., a vacuum chamber 104), and a controller (e.g., the controller 122). The high-pressure substrate processing system 300 further includes a pumping system (not shown) similar to the pumping system 114 and a gas delivery system 307 similar to the gas delivery system 110 described with respect to FIG. 1. For example, the gas delivery system 307 includes an input line 307 a and an exhaust line 307 b. The amine gas is introduced into the first chamber 302 through the input line 307 a, and the amine gas is exhausted from the first chamber 302 through the exhaust line 307 b.

The pedestal 304 supports a workpiece 314 on which a film of material (e.g., silicon nitride film) is to be processed through a high pressure treatment. The pedestal 304 is positioned or positionable within the first chamber 302. In some implementations, the substrate 314 sits directly on a flat top surface of the pedestal. In some implementations, the substrate 314 sits on pins 330 that project from the pedestal.

The high-pressure substrate processing system 300 includes an inner wall 320, a base 322, and an outer wall 324. The first chamber 302 is provided by a volume within the inner wall 320, e.g., between the inner wall 320 and the base 322. The second chamber 304 is provided by a volume outside the inner wall 320, e.g., between the inner wall 320 and the outer wall 324.

The high-pressure substrate processing system 300 further includes a valve assembly 316 between the first chamber 302 and the second chamber 306 that provides the functionality of the valve assembly 116 of FIG. 1, i.e., it can be operated to isolate the first chamber 302 from the second chamber 306. For example, the valve assembly 316 includes the inner wall 320, the base 322, and an actuator 323 to move the base 322 relative to the inner wall 320. The actuator 323 can be controlled to drive the base 322 to move vertically, e.g., away from or toward the walls 320 defining the first chamber 302. A bellows 328 can be used to seal the second chamber 306 from the external atmosphere while permitting the base 322 to move vertically. The bellows 328 can extend from a bottom of the base 322 to a floor of the second chamber 306 formed by the outer wall 324.

When the valve assembly 316 is in a closed position, the base 322 contacts the walls 320 such that a seal is formed between the base 322 and the walls 320, thus separating the outer chamber 306 from the inner chamber 302. The actuator 323 is operated to drive the base 322 toward the inner walls 320 with sufficient force to form the seal. The seal inhibits air from the first high-pressure chamber 302 from being exhausted into the low-pressure second chamber 306.

When the valve assembly 316 is in an open position, the base 322 is spaced apart from the walls 320, thereby allowing air to be conducted between the first and second chambers 302, 306 and also allowing the substrate 314 to be accessed and transferred to another chamber.

Because the pedestal 304 is supported on the base 322, the pedestal 304 is thus also movable relative to the inner walls 320. The pedestal 304 can be moved to enable the substrate 314 to be more easily accessible by the transfer robot. For example, an arm of a transfer robot (not depicted) can extend through an aperture 326 in the outer wall 324. When the valve assembly 316 is in the open position, the robot arm can pass through the gap between the inner wall 320 and the base 322 to access the substrate 314.

In some implementations, the high-pressure substrate processing system 300 includes one or more heating elements 318 configured to apply heat to the substrate 314. The heat from the heating elements 318 can be sufficient to anneal the substrate 314 when the substrate 314 is supported on the pedestal 304 and the precursor gas (if used) has been introduced into the first chamber 302. The heating elements 318 may be resistive heating elements. The one or more heating elements 318 may be positioned in, e.g., embedded in, the inner walls 320 defining the first chamber 302. This heats the inner wall 320, causing radiative heat to reach the substrate 314. The substrate 314 can be held by the pedestal 304 in close proximity to the ceiling of inner wall to improve transmission of heat from the inner wall 320 to the substrate 314.

However, the one or more heating elements 318 may be arranged in other locations within the high-pressure substrate processing system 300, e.g., within the side walls rather than ceiling. An example of a heating element 318 includes a discrete heating coil. Instead of or in addition to a heater embedded in the inner walls 320, a radiative heater, e.g., an infrared lamp, can be positioned outside the first chamber 302 and direct infrared radiation through a window in the inner wall 320. Electrical wires connect an electrical source (not shown), such as a voltage source, to the heating element, and can connect the one or more heating elements 318 to the controller.

The controller is operably connected to the pumping system, the gas delivery system 307, and the valve assembly 316 for controlling operations to perform the high pressure treatment of a layer of material on the substrate 314. In some implementations, the controller may also be operably connected to other systems. For example, the controller can also be operably connected to one or more of the transfer robots (not depicted), the one or more heating elements 318, and/or the actuator 323. In some cases, the controller 122 shown in FIG. 1 includes the controller of the high-pressure substrate processing system 300.

In a process to perform a high pressure treatment of a layer of material on the substrate 314, the controller can operate the pumping system to depressurize the second chamber 306 to a low-pressure state, e.g., to a state in which the second chamber 306 has a pressure less than 1 atmosphere, to prepare for transfer of the substrate 314 through the second chamber 306. The low-pressure state can be a near-vacuum state, e.g., a pressure less than 1 milliTorr. The substrate 314 is moved through the second chamber 306 by a transfer robot (not shown), while the second chamber 306 is at the low-pressure so that contamination and oxidation of the substrate 314 can be inhibited.

The substrate 314 is transferred into the first chamber 302 for processing. To transfer the substrate 314 into the first chamber 302, the controller can operate the valve assembly 316, e.g., open the valve assembly 316 to provide an opening through which the substrate 314 can be transferred into the first chamber 302. The controller can operate the transfer robot to carry the substrate 314 into the first chamber 302 and to place the substrate 314 on the pedestal 304.

After the substrate 314 is transferred into the first chamber 302, the controller can operate the valve assembly 316 to close the opening, e.g., close the valve assembly 316, thereby isolating the first and second chambers 302, 306 from one another. With the valve assembly 316 closed, pressures in the first chamber 302 and the second chamber 306 can be set to different values. The controller can operate the gas delivery system 307 to introduce the amine gas into the first chamber 302 to pressurize the first chamber 302. The introduction of the amine gas can increase the pressure within the first chamber 302, for example, to 5 atmospheres or more.

The amine gas and the proper temperature and pressure conditions in the first chamber 302 can cause the high pressure treatment of the material to occur, e.g., as described with reference to FIG. 2. During the high pressure treatment, the controller can operate the one or more heating elements 318 to add heat to the substrate 314 to facilitate the annealing of the layer of material on the substrate 314.

When the high pressure treatment is complete, the substrate 314 can be removed from the first chamber 302 using the transfer robot and, if necessary, the substrate 314 can be transferred to a subsequent process chamber or to the outside environment. Alternatively, the substrate 314 is transferred into a load lock chamber (not shown). To prepare for transfer of the substrate 314 out of the first chamber 302, the controller can operate the exhaust system of the gas delivery system 307 to depressurize the first chamber 302 before the valve assembly 316 is opened. In particular, before the substrate 314 is transferred out of the first chamber 202, the precursor gas is exhausted from the first chamber 302 to reduce the pressure within the first chamber 202. The pressure in the first chamber 302 can be reduced to a near-vacuum pressure such that the pressure differential between the first chamber 302 and the second chamber 306 can be minimized.

To enable the substrate 314 to be transferred out of the first chamber 302, the controller can open the valve assembly 316. The opened valve assembly 316 provides an opening through which the substrate 314 is moved to be transferred into the second chamber 306. In particular, the opened valve assembly 316 enables the substrate 314 to be transferred directly into the second chamber 306, e.g., into the low pressure environment of the second chamber 306.

FIG. 4 depicts another example of a high-pressure substrate processing system 400 including a first chamber 402 (e.g., high pressure chamber 102), a pedestal 404, a second chamber 406 (e.g., vacuum chamber 104), and a controller similar to controller 122 shown in FIG. 1. The high-pressure substrate processing system 400 is similar to the high-pressure substrate processing system 300 described with respect to FIG. 3; unless otherwise specified the various options and implementations are also applicable to this embodiment.

For example, the gas delivery system and the pumping system of the high-pressure substrate processing system 400 are operated in a similar manner to maintain the low and high pressure environments for a substrate 414 processed using the high-pressure substrate processing system 400. The second chamber 406 can be defined by volume between inner walls 420 and outer walls 424. In addition, the substrate 414 is also supportable on the pedestal 404 for processing within the first chamber 402. Again, the substrate can sit directly on the pedestal 404, or sit on lift pins 430 that extend through the pedestal.

The high-pressure substrate processing system 400 differs from the high-pressure substrate processing system 300 of FIG. 3 in a few regards. First, inner walls 420 defining the first chamber 402 are not movable relative to a base 422 defining the first chamber 402. The pedestal 404 is thus fixed relative to the inner walls 420 and the base 422. In some examples, the pedestal 404 is fixed to the base 422 defining the first chamber 402.

Rather than being arranged in the inner walls 420 of the first chamber 402, as is the case for the one or more heating elements 318 of the embodiment of FIG. 3, one or more heating elements 418 of the embodiment depicted in FIG. 4 are arranged within the pedestal 404. The substrate 414 is thus heated through contact with the pedestal 404.

The high-pressure substrate processing system 400 further includes a valve assembly 416 between the first chamber 402 and the second chamber 406 that, similar to the valve assembly 316 of FIG. 3, isolates the first chamber 402 from the second chamber 406. However, in contrast to the valve assembly 316, the valve assembly 416 is not formed by the walls 420 and the base 422 defining the first chamber 402, but rather is formed by an arm 424 movable relative to the inner walls 420 and the base 422 of the first chamber 402. The arm 424 can movable relative to the inner walls 420 and the base 422 of the first chamber 402.

In particular, the valve assembly 416 includes a slit valve 423 between the first chamber 402 and the second chamber 406. The slit valve 423 includes a slit 423 a and the arm 424. The slit 423 a extends through one of the inner walls 420 of the first chamber 402. A proximal end 424 a of the arm 424 is positioned outside of the first chamber 402 while a distal end 424 b of the arm 424 is positioned within the first chamber 402. The proximal end 425 a of the arm 425 can be positioned within the second chamber 406 and be driven by an actuator positioned within the second chamber 406. Alternatively, the proximal end 425 a of the arm 425 is positioned outside of the second chamber 406 and is thus driven by an actuator 428 that is also positioned outside of the second chamber 406.

The arm 425 extends through the slit 423 a and is movable relative to the walls 420 so that the arm 425 can be moved to a position in which it forms a seal with the walls 420. The actuator 428 is coupled to the proximal end 425 a of the arm 425 and drives the distal end 425 b of the arm 425 relative to the walls 420. The arm 425 is also movable vertically to cover or uncover the slit 423 a. In particular, the proximal end 425 a of the arm 425 can be or include a flange that extends substantially parallel to the adjacent inner surface of the inner wall 420. The arm 425 is also movable and driven laterally so that the distal end 425 b of the arm 425 can engage or disengage the inner walls 420.

The arm 425 can also extend through an aperture 426 in the outer wall 424.

Like the valve assembly 316, the valve assembly 416 is movable between an open position and a closed position. When the valve assembly 416 is in the closed position, the distal end 425 b of the arm 425 covers the slit 426 and contacts one of the inner walls 420, thereby forming the seal to isolate the first chamber 402 from the second chamber 406. In particular, the distal end 425 b of the arm 425, e.g., the flange, contacts an inner surface of the wall 420 defining the first chamber 402.

When the valve assembly 416 is in the open position, the distal end 425 b of the arm 425 is spaced laterally apart from the inner walls 420, e.g., the inner surface of the inner walls 420. In addition, the distal end 425 b of the arm 425 is positioned vertically so that the slit 426 is uncovered. The slit 426 thus provides an opening that enables fluidic communication between the first chamber 402 and the second chamber 406 and that also enables the substrate 414 to be moved in and out of the first chamber 402, e.g., by a robot as discussed above.

The controller can operate the high-pressure substrate processing system 400 in a manner similar to the process described with respect to the controller of the high-pressure substrate processing system 300 to transfer the substrate 414 into and out of the first chamber 402 and to perform the high pressure treatment on the layer of material on the substrate 414. In this process, to open and close the valve assembly 416, the controller can operate the actuator 428 to drive the arm 425.

An advantage of the configuration shown in FIG. 4 is that the pressure within the first chamber 402 helps force the distal end 425 of the arm 425 against the inner surface of the inner wall 420. Consequently, in contrast to the configuration shown in FIG. 3, the actuator can be less powerful.

The controller and other computing devices part of systems described herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware. For example, the controller can include a processor to execute a computer program as stored in a computer program product, e.g., in a non-transitory machine readable storage medium. Such a computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a standalone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.

While this document contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any inventions or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments of particular inventions. Certain features that are described in this document in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

Although the discussion above has focused on silicon nitride, other dielectric films that include silicon-nitride bonds, e.g., silicon oxynitride (SiON) or silicon carbonnitride (SiCN), may be deposited, e.g., by a low temperature or FCVD process, and treated using the high pressure treatment described herein.

Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. 

1. A method of treating a dielectric film that include silicon-nitride bonds on a workpiece, comprising: supporting the workpiece that has the dielectric film that includes silicon-nitride bonds in a chamber; introducing an amine gas into the chamber; establishing a pressure of at least 5 atmospheres in the chamber; and exposing the dielectric film on the workpiece to the amine gas while the pressure in the chamber is at least 5 atmospheres.
 2. The method of claim 1, comprising raising a temperature of the film to between 200-500° C.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein raising the temperature of the dielectric film comprises maintaining a support for the workpiece in the chamber at an elevated temperature.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the temperature of the dielectric film is raised before establishing the pressure in the chamber of at least 5 atmospheres.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein establishing the pressure in the chamber comprises introducing the amine gas in the chamber.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the amine gas comprises ammonia gas.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the amine gas includes methylamine gas and/or dimethylamine gas.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the dielectric film is a portion of a fin field-effect transistor in fabrication.
 9. The method of claim 1, comprising exposing the dielectric film to the amine gas for at least 5 minutes.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the dielectric film is a silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride or silicon carbon nitride film.
 11. A method of forming a dielectric material on a workpiece, comprising: depositing a dielectric film that includes silicon-nitride bonds on the workpiece by flowable chemical vapor deposition; and exposing the dielectric film that include silicon-nitride bonds on the workpiece to an amine gas in a chamber while a pressure in the chamber is at least 5 atmospheres.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the deposition of the dielectric film on the workpiece is at a temperature below 380° C.
 13. The method of claim 11, comprising raising a temperature of the dielectric film to between 200-500° C.
 14. The method of claim 11, comprising establishing the pressure in the chamber by introducing the amine gas in the chamber.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the amine gas is ammonia gas.
 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the dielectric film is a portion of a fin field-effect transistor.
 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the dielectric film is a silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride or silicon carbon-nitride film.
 18. An annealing system, comprising: a chamber body that defines a chamber; a support to hold a workpiece with an outer surface of the workpiece exposed to an environment in the chamber; a robot to insert the workpiece into the chamber; a gas supply to provide an amine gas; a pressure source coupled to the chamber to raise a pressure in the chamber to at least 5 atmospheres; and a controller coupled to the robot, the gas supply, and a pump, the controller configured to cause the robot to transport the workpiece into the chamber, to cause the gas supply to supply the amine gas to the chamber, and to cause the pressure source to raise a pressure in the chamber to at least 5 atmospheres while the workpiece is held on the support in the chamber.
 19. The annealing system of claim 18, comprising a heater to raise a temperature of the workpiece on the support to between 200-500° C.
 20. The annealing system of claim 19, wherein the heater comprises a resistive heater embedded in the support.
 21. The annealing system of claim 19, wherein the heater comprises a radiative heater in a wall of the chamber body and positioned to irradiate the workpiece on the support.
 22. The annealing system of claim 18, wherein the amine gas is ammonia gas. 